What is Periodontal (Gum) Disease?

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The term “periodontal” refers to the tissues surrounding the tooth. Periodontal disease, also known as periodontitis or gum disease, is a common inflammatory condition that affects these supporting and surrounding soft tissues of the tooth, as well as the jawbone in advanced stages.

Periodontal disease typically starts with gingivitis, a bacterial infection of the gum tissue. This infection occurs when toxins in plaque irritate and inflame the gum tissues. As the bacterial infection progresses, it colonizes in the gum pockets between the teeth, making it harder to remove and treat. Without intervention, periodontal disease can lead to the destruction of connective tissue and jawbone, resulting in consequences such as shifting and loose teeth, and eventually tooth loss.

Given its potential impact, periodontal disease should be promptly treated, as it is the primary cause of tooth loss among adults in developed countries.

Types of Periodontal Disease

Chronic periodontitis is marked by inflammation in the supporting tissues, leading to deep pockets and gum recession. While it may seem like the teeth are elongating, it’s actually the result of receding gums. This type is prevalent and involves a gradual loss of attachment, interspersed with periods of rapid progression.

Scaling and root planning is a crucial procedure aimed at maintaining gum tissue health. To address the infection caused by bacteria and calculus (tartar), thorough removal is essential. During this treatment, the gum pockets are meticulously cleaned, and antibiotics may be applied to alleviate the infection. Additionally, a prescription mouthwash might be recommended for regular use as part of daily oral hygiene routines.

Aggressive periodontitis occurs in otherwise healthy individuals and is characterized by swift gum attachment loss, chronic bone deterioration, and familial clustering.

Necrotizing periodontitis primarily affects individuals with systemic conditions like HIV, immunosuppression, and malnutrition. It involves tissue death in the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues.

Periodontitis caused by systemic disease often starts early in life and is linked to medical conditions such as respiratory disease, diabetes, and heart disease.

Treatment for Periodontal Disease

The periodontist may opt for various surgical and nonsurgical treatments based on the specific condition of the teeth, gums, and jawbone. Before any treatment is initiated or recommended, a comprehensive periodontal examination of the mouth is conducted.

Below are some of the more common treatments for periodontal disease:

Tissue regeneration involves encouraging the regrowth of bone and gum tissues that have been damaged or destroyed. This process often involves grafting procedures and may include the insertion of a membrane to aid in the regeneration process.

Pocket elimination surgery, also known as flap surgery, is a surgical treatment aimed at reducing the size of pockets between the teeth and gums. In some cases, surgery on the jawbone may also be necessary to eliminate indentations that harbor bacteria.

Dental implants offer a solution for restoring both the aesthetics and functionality of the mouth after tooth loss due to periodontal disease. Dental Implants are prosthetic teeth implanted into the jawbone. Prior to implant placement, tissue regeneration procedures may be required to strengthen the bone.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding periodontal disease, periodontal treatment, or dental implants, don’t hesitate to consult with your dentist.